Ones and Zeros

    AI Practitioner Exam Prep AI Aspects Cost Considerations   Cost factors are responsiveness and availability, redundancy and regional coverage, performance, token-based pricing, provisioned throughput, and refining your custom models. Responsible AI   Aspects: fairness, explainability, privacy\security (theft and exposure risk), veracity\robustness (operates well despite uncertainty), governance (max society benefit with min risk), interpretability\transparency, safety, and controllability.   Business Benefits: trust, regulatory complain, mitigate risks, competitive advantage, improved decision making, and improved products.    Model Selection: a)  Narrow the use case so you can tune your model to your use case.  Ex: favor recall or precision , b) pick by performance with some test data sets,  c) responsible agency, d) environmental reasons, e) economical reasons.   Dataset Prep: want  balanced dataset  so  in...

   AI Practitioner Exam Prep Layers Overall AI Abbreviations AI   =   Artificial Intelligence DL  =  Deep Learning GenAI  =  Generative AI ML  =  Machine Learning Mathematical Subsets/ Layers  of AI Five Concentric Circles of: AI = broadest field (with rule engines). computers appear they are doing human behavior or reasoning.   ML = computer learns from data without programming     Neural Nets = technical family of learned models       DL = models that generate content inspired by human brain         Gen AI = large, pretrained, multi-purpose base model AI     AI  = broad field (includes rule engines) where computers mimic human behavior or reasoning. ML     ML or Traditional ML  =   computer learns from data without programming.  each model can perform only one task. To succeed, the model must be carefully trained on the data.     ML...

   AI Practitioner Exam Prep Computer & Math Terms General Abbreviations APIs  =  Application Programming Interfaces BI = B usiness Intelligence dbs = databases docs  =  documents ex  =  example GPU  =  Graphics Processing Unit IDE  =  Integrated Development Environment ISV  = Independent Software Vendor NIST  =  National Institute of Standards and Technology OWASP  =  Open Web Application Security Project PII  = P ersonally Identifiable Info SME  =  Subject matter expert . General Terms Bias  = data missing important feature due to not sampling enough or correct data. Types are  s election/sampling bias (unrepresentative data), interaction/participant bias ( user do not want to tell so  prejudiced), reporting/measurement bias (over-represents one group), and confirmation/automation bias (reinforcing existing stereotypes, when output is over trusted), and historical/s...

  AI Practitioner Exam Prep AWS Products   Amazon Product Abbreviations in AI KMS  =  Amazon   Key Mgmt Service  product Developer Products (in ML frameworks layer) SageMaker   AI =  IDE  plugin that  builds repeatable ML with "no code"  and Amazon fully provides the  infrastructure. Think "makes sages out of data scientists".   Full ML lifecycle from data prep to production endpoints.   ML workflow mgmt that offers auto training, tuning, and deployment of ML and solves data prep and model training tasks .  Uses are:  predictive analytics, image recognition, voice AI with NLP, fraud detection, recommendation systems, and time-series forecasting.  Security via IAM. Does its own logging. CloudWatch can monitor metrics and set alarms. Integrates with  S3 for storing  data (via VPC) , Lambda for processing events, API Gateway for exposing models as AP...

AI and Genie copyrighted by Eric Wood in 2026   You rub an old lamp you find and out comes a genie called "AI".  "AI" says he will grant 3 wishes.      1) Your first wish is for a grand house. You don't see the results. Genie says it will be done in 100 years since you did not specify when.       2) Your second wish is to live 100 years later. You seeing flying cars, etc. but no house. You don't see the results. Genie points out that house is microscopic since you did not specify size.    3) Your third wish is to be microscopic. So you enter the house and see that the house is fabulous. Then the cow steps on the house crushing it and kills you. Genie says I probably would have specified that the house is to be indestructible.

  Tax Effects on Hiring Opportunities of Programmers   The most significant U.S. tax change affecting software development companies  is the modification of IRC Section 174, enacted in 2022 (via the 2017 TCJA), which  ended immediate expensing for R&D costs. Companies are now required to capitalize  and amortize software development costs—including engineer salaries—over 5 years  for U.S. research and 15 years for foreign research.    Donald Trump was the President of the United States when the Tax Cuts and Jobs  Act (TCJA) was passed and signed into law on December 22, 2017.  Key Impacts and Recent Developments:   Cash Flow Disruption (2022–2024): The rules created significant tax liabilities  for software companies—even those operating at a loss—by delaying deductions for  software labor costs.   Reversal/Relief (2025): The "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" (OBBBA), enacted on  July 4, 2025, reverses this requir...